National Epilepsy Day: What everyone should know

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Epilepsy is a neurological condition where sudden bursts of electrical activity in the brain cause repeated seizures. These seizures can look very different from person to person, ranging from brief staring spells to full-body convulsions. It is not a mental illness and not contagious.

Seizures can be triggered by lack of sleep, missed medication, flashing lights, stress, illness, or even certain sounds for some people. Many triggers are manageable once identified, which is why understanding personal patterns becomes a key part of treatment.

There are focal seizures, which affect one part of the brain, and generalised seizures, which involve both hemispheres. Some cause jerking movements, while others cause seconds of unresponsiveness. Knowing the types helps people recognise emergencies and respond safely.

Stay calm, keep them safe by moving sharp objects away, and turn them to one side to help breathing. Do not restrain them, and never put anything in their mouth. Call for medical help if the seizure lasts longer than five minutes or if it’s their first one.

With consistent medication, lifestyle changes, and regular follow-ups, nearly 70 percent of people with epilepsy can live seizure-free. For some, surgery or nerve stimulation may be options. Early diagnosis and adhering to treatment make the biggest difference.

Many people with epilepsy face discrimination at school, work, and in daily life because of myths and fear. Understanding what epilepsy is, how it is treated, and how to support someone during a seizure helps create safer, more compassionate communities.